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Twin studies in rheumatic diseases

P Järvinen1, K Aho

  • 1Rheumatism Foundation Hospital, Heinola, Finland.

Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism
|August 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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Twin studies help understand genetic and environmental factors in rheumatic diseases. Rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus show moderate genetic influence, while smoking impacts disc degeneration.

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Twin Studies
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Twin studies are crucial for dissecting genetic predisposition and environmental influences in diseases.
  • Rheumatology research often features twin case reports, but generalizations are limited.
  • Monozygotic (MZ) twin concordance rates offer insights into maximum genetic contributions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the utility of twin studies in rheumatology.
  • To assess the genetic contribution to rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
  • To explore the role of environmental factors in rheumatic diseases using twin data.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of systematically compiled twin series for concordance rates.
  • Examination of antinuclear antibody specificity in monozygotic twins with SLE.

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  • Review of case-control studies on MZ twins discordant for specific exposures.

    • Main Results:

    • Rheumatoid arthritis concordance is approximately 15% in MZ twins.
    • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) likely has a similar genetic contribution.
    • MZ twins with SLE show highly similar antinuclear antibody specificity.
    • A study highlighted smoking's role in lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration in MZ twins.

    Conclusions:

    • Twin studies provide valuable data on the genetic basis of rheumatic diseases like RA and SLE.
    • Environmental factors' roles in rheumatic diseases require further investigation through twin studies.
    • Smoking is identified as an environmental cause for lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration.