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Disorders of the central nervous system
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111.
Insights
This review covers common fetal central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities, including ventriculomegaly, Dandy-Walker malformation (DWM), holoprosencephaly, anencephaly, and spina bifida. Prognosis varies based on associated anomalies and defect characteristics.
Area of Science:
- Perinatal Medicine
- Neuroscience
- Developmental Biology
Background:
- Central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities are significant concerns in perinatal medicine.
- Early identification and understanding of these conditions are crucial for management and prognosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review common CNS abnormalities encountered in perinatal medicine.
- To discuss diagnostic aids and prognostic factors for these conditions.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of common CNS abnormalities in perinatal medicine.
- Discussion of diagnostic features and treatment approaches.
Main Results:
- Prognosis of ventriculomegaly correlates with associated anomalies.
- Dandy-Walker malformation (DWM) treatment involves shunting.
- Facial features aid in diagnosing holoprosencephaly.
- Anencephaly is a lethal anomaly.
- Spina bifida outcomes depend on defect characteristics and associated anomalies.
Conclusions:
- Accurate diagnosis of CNS abnormalities in the perinatal period is essential.
- Prognostic indicators vary among different CNS malformations.
- Management strategies are condition-specific.
Abstract:
In this article, we have reviewed the most common CNS abnormalities seen in perinatal medicine. The prognosis in ventriculomegaly is most closely related to the presence or absence of associated anomalies. The current treatment for DWM consists of shunting of either the posterior fossa cyst or lateral ventricles. Facial abnormalities can frequently aid in distinguishing holoprosencephaly from other CNS lesions. Anencephaly is one of the most severe fetal anomalies and is incompatible with life. Spina bifida represents a spectrum of NTDs with a variable outcome depending on the size and location of the defect, as well as the presence of other anomalies.