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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...

Inhalation Anthrax

Inhalation Anthrax

Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, a Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium. It primarily affects herbivorous animals but can be transmitted to humans through skin contact, ingestion, or inhalation of spores.Cutaneous anthrax, the most common form, typically results from direct contact with bacterial spores through skin abrasions and is generally less severe. Gastrointestinal anthrax results from eating undercooked or contaminated meat. It affects the mouth, throat, or...

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates

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Extrapulmonary thoracic disease caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis

K M Neuzil¹, H C Mitchell, J E Loyd

¹Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville 37232.

|December 1, 1994

Summary

Blastomycosis involving the mediastinum and brachial plexus can mimic other thoracic diseases. Prompt antifungal treatment is key for favorable outcomes in these rare invasive fungal infections.

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Area of Science:

Mycology
Infectious Diseases
Thoracic Medicine

Background:

Blastomycosis is a fungal infection endemic to North America.
Extrapulmonary thoracic disease presents diagnostic challenges.
Differential diagnosis often includes histoplasmosis.

Observation:

A case of blastomycosis affecting the mediastinum and brachial plexus is presented.
Clinical presentation and pathophysiology were analyzed.
Comparison with histoplasmosis was performed.

Findings:

The patient showed a favorable response to prolonged antifungal therapy.
Blastomycosis can present with significant thoracic involvement.
Pathophysiology involves dissemination from a primary pulmonary site.

Implications:

Blastomycosis should be considered in invasive extrapulmonary thoracic disease.
Early diagnosis and antifungal treatment are crucial.
Understanding blastomycosis mimics histoplasmosis, aiding clinical decision-making.