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[Intra-abdominal pressure]

P Y Carry1, V Banssillon

  • 1Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, CH Lyon-Sud, Pierre-Bénite.

Annales Francaises D'Anesthesie Et De Reanimation
|January 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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Abdominal pressure, measurable in the bladder, rectum, and stomach, significantly impacts circulation and ventilation. Monitoring this pressure is crucial in anesthesia and surgery due to its wide-ranging physiological effects.

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Medical Measurement

Context:

  • Abdominal pressure is a hydrostatic pressure measurable in the bladder, rectum, and stomach.
  • Physiologic conditions involve variable abdominal pressure, with peaks during defecation or coughing.
  • Increased abdominal pressure affects both abdominal and thoracic compartments, altering circulation and ventilation.

Purpose:

  • To review the physiological effects of abdominal pressure.
  • To highlight the clinical significance of abdominal pressure in various conditions.
  • To advocate for routine measurement of abdominal pressure in anesthesia and surgery.

Summary:

  • Elevated abdominal pressure decreases venous return and increases systemic resistance, redistributing circulation superiorly.
  • Despite decreased cardiac output, typical hemodynamic parameters often remain within normal ranges.

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  • Abdominal distension causes restrictive respiratory syndrome and renal effects, including decreased diuresis.

    • Impact:

    • Sustained high abdominal pressure in conditions like abdominal tamponade can lead to anuria, necessitating decompression.
    • Risks associated with increased abdominal pressure include hypercapnia, gas embolism, pneumothorax, and decreased cardiac tolerance.
    • Routine measurement of abdominal pressure is recommended for anesthesia and surgical practice due to its significant role and ease of measurement.