State-dependent responses of two motor systems in the crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus

The expression of both swimmeret and postural motor patterns in crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) were affected by stimulation of a second root of a thoracic ganglion. The response of the swimmeret system depended on the state of the postural system. In most cases, the response of the swimmeret system outlasted the stimulus. Stimulation of a thoracic second root also elicited coordinated responses from the postural system, that outlasted the stimulus. In different preparations, either the flexor excitor motor neurones or the extensor excitor motor neurones were excited by this stimulation. In every case, excitation of one set of motor neurones was accompanied by inhibition of that group's functional antagonists. This stimulation seemed to coordinate the activity of both systems; when stimulation inhibited the flexor motor neurones, then the extensor motor neurones and the swimmeret system were excited. When stimulation excited the flexor motor neurones, then the extensor motor neurones and the swimmeret system were inhibited. Two classes of interneurones that responded to stimulation of a thoracic second root were encountered in the first abdominal ganglion. These interneurones could be the pathway that coordinates the response of the postural and swimmeret systems to stimulation of a thoracic second root.