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XL alpha s is a new type of G protein
R H Kehlenbach1, J Matthey, W B Huttner
1Institute for Neurobiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
Abstract:
The GTP-binding proteins are well-known regulators of cellular functions, including vesicular transport. Cholera toxin, which is known to catalyse ADP-ribosylation of the alpha s subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins, stimulates secretory vesicle formation from the trans-Golgi network. Here we describe a new cholera toxin target, an 'extra large' G protein (XL alpha s; M(r) 92K) which consists of a new 51K XL-portion linked to a G alpha s truncated at the amino terminus. XL alpha s is specifically associated with the trans-Golgi network and occurs selectively in cells containing both the regulated and the constitutive pathway of protein secretion. Hence, XL alpha s may mediate the effects of cholera toxin on secretory vesicle formation.
Insights
Researchers discovered a new cholera toxin target, extra large G protein (XL alpha s), which regulates secretory vesicle formation at the trans-Golgi network. This protein may mediate cholera toxin
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Molecular Biology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- GTP-binding proteins regulate cellular functions, including vesicular transport.
- Cholera toxin ADP-ribosylates the alpha s subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins, stimulating secretory vesicle formation from the trans-Golgi network.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify new cholera toxin targets involved in secretory vesicle formation.
- To characterize the role of a novel 'extra large' G protein (XL alpha s) in cellular secretion.
Main Methods:
- Identification and characterization of XL alpha s.
- Localization studies of XL alpha s within the cell.
- Correlation of XL alpha s presence with secretory pathway types.
Main Results:
- A novel 92K 'extra large' G protein (XL alpha s) was identified as a new cholera toxin target.
- XL alpha s is specifically associated with the trans-Golgi network.
- XL alpha s is selectively found in cells utilizing both regulated and constitutive secretion pathways.
Conclusions:
- XL alpha s is a novel target of cholera toxin.
- XL alpha s may play a crucial role in mediating the effects of cholera toxin on secretory vesicle formation.
- The localization and selective presence of XL alpha s suggest its involvement in regulating protein secretion pathways.