In vitro effect of S-adenosyl methionine on ethanol embryopathy in the rat

S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) is a universal methyl donor for biological systems. Chronic consumption of ethanol results in depletion of available SAM and reduces its biosynthesis in the transmethylation pathway. Administration of excess SAM may reduce the embryopathic effects of ethanol. The in-vitro effects of SAM on ethanol embryopathy was investigated by culturing 9.5 day old whole rat embryos for 48 hours in ethanol alone (Group II), 0.05 mM SAM (Group III), ethanol + 0.05 mM SAM (Group IV), ethanol + 0.1 mM SAM (Group V), ethanol + 1 mM SAM (Group VI), and in ethanol + 3 mM SAM (Group VII). In Group VII embryos, cardiovascular, nervous, auditory, visual, craniofacial and musculoskeletal systems were retarded in development; crown-rump length, yolk-sac diameter, as well as morphological scores, were reduced compared to those in embryos treated with ethanol alone (Group II). There were, however, significant differences between Group II and Group IV embryos with respect to crown-rump length, yolk sac diameter and somite number. The mean crown-rump length, yolk sac diameter and somite number in Group II were 2.3 +/- 0.2, 2.8 +/- 0.3 and 22.4 +/- 3.5 respectively, compared to 2.6 +/- 0.2, 3.1 +/- 0.2 and 25.3 +/- 3.1 in Group IV. These results suggest that simultaneous administration of S-adenosyl methionine and ethanol may protect against the embryopathic effects of ethanol.