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Childhood cancer

R W Miller1, J L Young, B Novakovic

  • 1Clinical Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-7360.

Cancer
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

This study analyzed 9308 childhood cancers, finding acute lymphocytic leukemia, astrocytoma, and neuroblastoma as the most frequent types. Survival rates varied significantly, highlighting the need for detailed classification in pediatric cancer research.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Cancer Epidemiology
  • Histopathology

Background:

  • Childhood cancers exhibit diverse histologic types with unique patterns.
  • Accurate classification is crucial for understanding pediatric cancer etiology and progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the frequency and patterns of various histologic types of childhood cancers.
  • To provide insights into the epidemiology of pediatric malignancies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 9308 microscopically confirmed pediatric malignancies (age <15) from the SEER Program (1973-1987).
  • Classified tumors histologically based on an established international system.

Main Results:

  • Most frequent types: acute lymphocytic leukemia (23.6%), astrocytoma (9.6%), neuroblastoma (6.6%), and Wilms' tumor (6.4%).
  • Acute lymphocytic leukemia comprised 75% of childhood leukemia cases.
  • Rhabdomyosarcoma was the most common soft tissue sarcoma (51%).
  • Survival rates ranged widely, with some cancers having <49% 5-year survival.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced laboratory techniques (molecular biology, immunology, cytogenetics) improve cancer classification.
  • Cancer registries should record laboratory test results for detailed subtype analysis.

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