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Surveillance of drug induced diseases in children

K P Kushwaha1, R B Verma, Y D Singh

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, B.R.D. Medical College, Gorakhpur.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|July 1, 1994
PubMed

Insights

Drug-induced diseases (DID) affected 1.004% of pediatric patients. Neonates were most affected, with Erythmatous maculopapular rashes being common, while aplastic anemia caused by Chloramphenicol was fatal.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pharmacology
  • Clinical Toxicology
  • Drug Safety in Children

Background:

  • Drug-induced diseases (DID) represent a significant concern in pediatric healthcare.
  • Understanding the incidence and patterns of DID is crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence, clinical manifestations, and outcomes of drug-induced diseases in children under 14 years of age.
  • To identify common offending agents and risk factors associated with DID in a pediatric population.

Main Methods:

  • A two-year prospective hospital-based study involving 20,310 pediatric patients.
  • Diagnosis of DID based on clinical presentation and drug exposure history.
  • In-hospital intensive surveillance for children with severe reactions.

Main Results:

  • A total of 204 (1.004%) pediatric patients were diagnosed with DID.
  • DID was most prevalent in neonates (24.51%), with Erythmatous maculopapular rashes being the most common manifestation (67.12%).
  • Thrombophlebitis was common in infants and older children (41.56%).
  • Mortality rate was 4.41% (9 out of 204 cases).
  • Aplastic anemia, exclusively linked to Chloramphenicol, had a 100% mortality rate (7 cases).
  • Commonly implicated agents included baby powders, massage oils, ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, IV infusions, DPT, and measles vaccines.

Conclusions:

  • Drug-induced diseases are a notable cause of morbidity in children, particularly neonates.
  • Prompt identification and management of DID are essential to reduce mortality and improve pediatric patient care.
  • Surveillance for adverse drug reactions, including those from common substances and vaccines, is critical in pediatric settings.

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