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Sickle cell trait as a limiting factor for high-level performance in a semi-marathon
D Le Gallais1, C Prefaut, J Mercier
1Service d'Exploration de la Fonction Respiratoire, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier.
International Journal of Sports Medicine
|October 1, 1994
Summary
Sickle cell trait (SCT) prevalence in semi-marathon runners mirrors the general population. However, SCT alone may limit elite performance, while coexisting alpha-thalassemia might enhance endurance in long-distance races.
Area of Science:
- Exercise Physiology
- Human Genetics
- Sports Medicine
Background:
- Sickle cell trait (SCT) is a common genetic condition in certain populations.
- Understanding the impact of SCT on athletic performance is crucial for athletes and sports science.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence of sickle cell trait (SCT) in participants of the Abidjan semi-marathon.
- To assess the performance and ranking of athletes with SCT compared to those without.
- To explore the potential influence of SCT and coexisting alpha-thalassemia on high-level endurance performance.
Main Methods:
- Screening of 1506 male participants for sickle cell trait (SCT).
- Analysis of race rankings for participants with and without SCT.
- Hematological parameter assessment for elite athletes with SCT.
Main Results:
- The prevalence of SCT (8.7%) among semi-marathon participants was similar to the general population (12.0%).
- Athletes with SCT generally ranked comparably to non-SCT athletes in the overall race.
- No athlete with only SCT achieved internationally-ranked performance; one athlete with SCT and alpha-thalassemia was ranked.
Conclusions:
- Sickle cell trait (SCT) does not appear to significantly impact general participation or performance in semi-marathons.
- SCT may be a limiting factor for achieving elite, internationally-ranked performance in endurance events.
- Alpha-thalassemia, when coexisting with SCT, might be an enhancing factor for success in long-distance running.