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A breath sampling device for measuring human exposure to volatile organic compounds in microgravity
J H Raymer1, K W Thomas, E D Pellizzari
1Research Triangle Institute, NC 27709.
Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
|April 1, 1994
Summary
A new compact device collects alveolar air samples on spacecraft using gravity-independent valves. This breathalyzer system offers good organic compound recovery and minimal carryover for space exploration health monitoring.
Area of Science:
- Spacecraft Environmental Health
- Analytical Chemistry
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Accurate monitoring of airborne organic compounds is crucial for astronaut health in closed environments.
- Existing alveolar air sampling devices often rely on gravity, limiting their use in microgravity conditions.
- Development of compact, efficient, and gravity-independent sampling systems is needed for space missions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and evaluate a compact, gravity-independent device for collecting alveolar air samples from humans aboard spacecraft.
- To assess the device's performance in terms of organic compound recovery and carryover.
- To compare the new device's performance with a previously developed, gravity-dependent system.
Main Methods:
- A novel compact device utilizing silicone one-way valves and charcoal filters was designed for alveolar air collection.
- The device was tested for its ability to recover organic compounds at various concentrations (20 ng/L and 100 ng/L).
- Carryover of organic compounds between samples was evaluated, particularly in the presence of accumulated water.
- Performance was compared against a larger, gravity-dependent alveolar air sampler.
Main Results:
- The device demonstrated good recoveries of organic compounds at the 20 ng/L level.
- Generally low carryover of organic compounds was observed, though increased for water-soluble compounds when water accumulated.
- Comparable results were obtained when the new device was used in parallel with a larger, gravity-dependent unit.
- The device has a compact form factor (47 x 34 x 11.4 cm) and weighs approximately 3.2 kg.
Conclusions:
- The developed compact device is suitable for collecting alveolar air samples in microgravity environments.
- The system's gravity-independent valves and efficient filtration provide reliable performance for monitoring astronaut exposure to organic compounds.
- This device offers a practical solution for onboard health monitoring, with potential for various sample collection options within its case.