Interleukin 6 gene transcripts are expressed in human atherosclerotic lesions

Factors controlling the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) are thought to be key elements in the progression of atherosclerosis. We have previously shown that interleukin 6 (IL-6) stimulates the growth of SMC in vitro and that IL-6 gene transcripts are expressed in atherosclerotic lesions of genetically hyperlipidemic rabbits. To understand the involvement of IL-6 in the development of human atherosclerosis, we investigated IL-6 mRNA expression in atherosclerotic arteries from patients undergoing surgical vascularization, utilizing reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in situ hybridization analyses. In RT-PCR analysis, the atherosclerotic arteries showed 10- to 40-fold levels of IL-6 mRNA expression over the non-atherosclerotic artery. In in situ hybridization analysis, IL-6 gene transcripts were observed in the thickened intimal layer of atherosclerotic lesions. These results strongly suggest the involvement of IL-6 in the development of human atherosclerosis.