[Leprosy in New Caledonia from 1983 to 1992. Histopathological and epidemiological data]

New Caledonia is a South Pacific Island inhabited by more than 170,000 people: most of them are melanesians or europeans. Multidrug therapy for Hansen disease has been employed since 1983; so we made an epidemiologic and histopathologic study of the new cases diagnosed for 10 years, from 1983 to 1992. Local (clinical, histological, microbiological and immunological) means of diagnosis are described. In New Caledonia, the endemic level is lower than in the small neighbouring Pacific islands but there is still a native reservoir of Mycobacterium leprae with 40% multibacillary types. Nearly half of the new cases are less than 25 years old. They are often male melanesians. The diagnosis of indeterminate forms is debated when there is no acid-fast bacillus. Border-line forms are rare. Tuberculoid leprosy poses many differential diagnosis problems. Despite available multidrug therapy, one cannot yet consider that the incidence is decreasing significantly.