When the problem is not the problem: understanding attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity

Attention Deficit Disorder with, and Attention Deficit Disorder without, Hyperactivity, are common neurobiological conditions that cause or exacerbate many learning, social, and emotional problems. Understanding the significant interactions of biological, cognitive, and psychological factors in AD(H)D and informing clients of all treatment options, including pharmacological intervention, are essential to treatment. Counseling alone, without providing multimodal treatments that acknowledge the core medical problem, has limited positive effect.