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Neurulation in the normal human embryo

R O'Rahilly1, F Müller

  • 1Institut für Anatomie und Spezielle Embryologie, Universität Freiburg, Switzerland.

Ciba Foundation Symposium
|January 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Human neural tube development begins with the neural groove and folds around 18 days. Complete closure of the neural tube occurs by 4 weeks, with secondary neurulation forming the caudal neural tube.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Embryology

Background:

  • The early stages of human embryonic development involve the formation of the neural tube, a critical structure for the central nervous system.
  • Understanding the precise timing and mechanisms of neural tube closure is essential for identifying developmental abnormalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the chronological sequence of neural tube formation and closure during human embryonic development.
  • To describe the process of primary and secondary neurulation.

Main Methods:

  • Observation of embryonic developmental stages (8-13) correlating with postovulatory days.
  • Detailed description of morphological changes including neural groove, folds, neuropore closure, and secondary neurulation.

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Main Results:

  • The neural groove and folds appear around 18 days (stage 8).
  • Brain divisions are discernible by stage 9, with neural fold fusion beginning at stage 10.
  • Rostral neuropore closure occurs rapidly during stage 11 (around 24 days), while caudal neuropore closure takes a day during stage 12 (around 26 days).
  • The neural tube is completely closed by stage 13 (4 weeks).
  • Secondary neurulation initiates at stage 12, involving caudal eminence differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • The human neural tube forms through a series of precisely timed events from stage 8 to stage 13.
  • Both primary and secondary neurulation contribute to the complete formation of the neural tube, with distinct processes and timing.