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Perceived family functioning and adolescent suicidal behavior

D M Adams1, J C Overholser, K L Lehnert

  • 1Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-7123.

Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
|May 1, 1994
PubMed
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Adolescents experiencing family dysfunction and distress are at higher risk for suicidal ideation and attempts. Improved family functioning may be key in preventing adolescent suicide.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Adolescent Psychiatry
  • Family Studies

Background:

  • Family problems are a known risk factor for adolescent suicidal behavior.
  • Specific aspects of family functioning linked to adolescent suicidal ideation and attempts require further clarification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between family functioning and adolescent suicidal ideation and suicide attempts.
  • To identify specific dimensions of family functioning associated with suicidal behavior in adolescents.

Main Methods:

  • Adolescents were categorized into four groups: suicide-attempting psychiatric inpatients, suicidal high school students, nonsuicidal psychiatric inpatients, and nonsuicidal high school students.
  • The Family Assessment Measure (FAM) was employed to evaluate adolescents' perceptions of family functioning at both the family system and parent-adolescent dyadic relationship levels.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • Both suicide groups (inpatients and high school students) reported significantly higher levels of distress and family dysfunction compared to nonsuicidal high school students.
  • No significant differences in perceived family functioning or mother-adolescent relationships were found between the suicidal psychiatric inpatients and suicidal high school students.
  • Perceived family functioning and mother-adolescent relationships demonstrated significant correlations with adolescent depression, hopelessness, and self-esteem.

Conclusions:

  • Family functioning is a critical factor in the assessment and treatment of adolescents exhibiting suicidal behavior.
  • Addressing family dynamics and dysfunction is essential for mitigating risks associated with adolescent suicidal ideation and attempts.