Autogenous cardiac assist with chronic descending thoracic aortomyoplasty

Alternative surgical treatments to orthotopic cardiac transplantation are needed for patients with heart failure. We hypothesized that descending thoracic aortomyoplasty with conditioned (fatigue-resistant) latissimus dorsi muscle could provide diastolic augmentation that would improve left ventricular function. Six mongrel dogs were studied. The left latissimus dorsi muscle was wrapped clockwise around the descending thoracic aorta. Left ventricular volume was measured with a conductance catheter. Aortic and left ventricular pressures were measured with a micromanometer. The following were measured after descending thoracic aortomyoplasty at baseline and with the descending thoracic aortomyoplasty stimulated 1:1 with the heart rate: stroke work, stroke volume, left ventricular peak pressure, maximum rate of increase of left ventricular pressure, diastolic relaxation time constant, peak rate of pressure decay, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, endocardial viability ratio, mean diastolic aortic pressure, peak diastolic aortic pressure, and time-averaged aortic diastolic velocity. Before data collection, the latissimus dorsi was stimulated (5 pulses delivered at 33 Hz at a rate of 28 per minute for 4 weeks) with burst stimulation to induce fatigue resistance. Results (expressed as the mean +/- the standard error of the mean) showed significant improvement in the indices of ventricular contractility (maximum rate of increase of left ventricular pressure, 1,217 +/- 83 to 1,414 +/- 91 mm Hg/s) and diastolic relaxation mechanics (peak rate of pressure decay, 1,152 +/- 92 to 1,282 +/- 79 mm Hg/s; diastolic relaxation time constant, 43 +/- 2 to 38 +/- 2 ms). Significant differences were noted with stimulation at 1:1 in the endocardial viability ratio (0.90 +/- 0.05 to 1.14 +/- 0.04), an index of myocardial oxygen supply. Systemic diastolic pressures (peak diastolic aortic pressure, 95 +/- 6 to 107 +/- 5 mm Hg; mean diastolic aortic pressure, 92 +/- 6 to 102 +/- 6 mm Hg) and the time-averaged aortic diastolic velocity (1.5 +/- 0.6 to 3.3 +/- 1.0 m/s) increased significantly. We conclude that descending thoracic aortomyoplasty stimulation with conditioned latissimus dorsi muscle can improve indices of ventricular contractility, diastolic relaxation mechanics, diastolic pressures, and diastolic aortic velocity in the nonfailed canine heart. Further studies with the chronic failed heart model are required.