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Campylobacter fetus endocarditis: two case reports and review
D C Farrugia1, S J Eykyn, E G Smyth
1Queen Mary's Hospital, Sidcup, Kent, United Kingdom.
Summary
Campylobacter fetus endocarditis is rare but serious, affecting native and prosthetic aortic valves. Prompt valve replacement ensured full recovery in two complex cases.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Cardiology
- Microbiology
Background:
- Campylobacter fetus is an uncommon bacterial pathogen in humans.
- It has a predilection for causing severe vascular infections, including endocarditis and thrombophlebitis.
- Endocarditis is an infection of the heart lining or valves.
Observation:
- Two cases of Campylobacter fetus endocarditis are presented.
- Case 1: A 60-year-old woman with a native bicuspid aortic valve.
- Case 2: A 76-year-old woman with a prosthetic aortic valve; the oldest reported patient with this condition.
Findings:
- No clear source of infection was identified in either case.
- Both patients experienced hemodynamic deterioration despite antibiotic treatment.
- Surgical aortic valve replacement was required for recovery.
Implications:
- Campylobacter fetus, though rare, should be considered in severe endocarditis, particularly aortic valve involvement.
- This organism's tendency to affect vascular endothelium highlights its potential for severe systemic illness.
- The successful management underscores the importance of considering surgical intervention in refractory cases.