Non-awaking basal forebrain stimulation enhances auditory cortex responsiveness during slow-wave sleep

Unilateral basal forebrain (BF) stimulations were delivered during slow-wave sleep (SWS) while multi-unit recordings were performed bilaterally in the auditory cortex. Ten tone presentations were followed by 10 pairing trials between BF stimulation and tone. Non-awaking BF stimulations facilitated the tone-evoked responses ipsilaterally only. Atropine blocked the facilitation of the ipsilateral evoked responses observed after pairing in wakefulness. Thus, non-awaking cholinergic input can enhance cortical responsiveness during SWS.