Immunomodulation of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis: a model of tolerance induction with retinal antigens

Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) is a CD4+ T-lymphocyte mediated inflammation of the uveal tract and retina. As a model of human posterior uveitis it permits further understanding of the underlying immunopathogenesis of uveitis. It also allows for preclinical trials of immunosuppressive therapies and in vivo assessment of alternative strategies for immunointervention. This review highlights possible immunostrategic modalities which prevent the initiation or perpetuation of the immune response, and in particular reports on the novel effect of intranasal induction of tolerance with retinal antigens, prior to immunisation with retinal antigens. The mechanisms and potential application of this 'natural' method of immunosuppression in the treatment of autoimmune disease are discussed.