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Related Experiment Videos

Biocompatibility in hemapheresis: new materials

G E Russo1, M Fagiolo, E Vitaliano

  • 1Institute of Medical Clinic I, La Sapienza University of Roma, Italy.

The International Journal of Artificial Organs
|December 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Therapeutic apheresis using synthetic membranes can cause acute immune reactions and chronic side effects due to biocompatibility issues. Membrane surface area significantly impacts complement activation and cell function, affecting patient outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Immunology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Therapeutic apheresis utilizes semidialytic synthetic membranes, raising concerns about biocompatibility.
  • Early alterations in plasma proteins and immune function occur within 15 minutes of apheresis sessions.
  • Chronic side effects similar to hemodialysis emerge after 10-20 sessions, even with advanced membranes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the biocompatibility issues associated with synthetic membranes in therapeutic apheresis.
  • To understand the relationship between membrane characteristics and biological reactions.
  • To identify factors contributing to acute and chronic side effects during apheresis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of plasma protein and immune system alterations during apheresis.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Evaluation of blood-foreign surface interactions, including membrane material, involucre, potting glue, and lines.
  • Assessment of complement system, coagulation, fibrinolysis, and kallikrein-kinin system activation.
  • Correlation of membrane surface area with complement activation and cellular changes.

    • Main Results:

    • Contact with foreign surfaces initiates local reactions and systemic reactivity.
    • Activation of complement, coagulation, fibrinolytic, and kallikrein-kinin systems leads to cell functional modifications.
    • Increased membrane surface area correlates with heightened complement system activation, platelet aggregation, and altered cell activity.
    • Biocompatibility is influenced by membranes, substitution fluids, and anticoagulants.

    Conclusions:

    • Biocompatibility is a critical concern in therapeutic apheresis with synthetic membranes.
    • Membrane surface properties significantly modulate the biological response.
    • Comprehensive assessment of all components, including fluids and anticoagulants, is necessary to optimize apheresis safety and efficacy.