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Related Experiment Videos

Apheresis and biocompatibility: complement activation

M Belloni1, A Alghisi, L Scremin

  • 1Immunohematology Service and Blood Bank, Civil Hospital, Vicenza, Italy.

The International Journal of Artificial Organs
|December 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Complement activation occurs when blood contacts extracorporeal circuits, potentially causing complications. Natural inhibitors often mask this, but it can manifest clinically, especially in complex procedures.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Biomaterials Science

Background:

  • Blood contact with extracorporeal circuit plastics triggers biological system activation, notably the complement system.
  • Complement activation occurs via alternative and classical pathways, the latter involving patient-produced antibodies against circuit materials or sterilants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role and clinical implications of complement activation during apheresis procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of complement activation pathways (alternative and classical) during extracorporeal circuit use.
  • Correlation of complement activation with clinical manifestations and procedural complexity in apheresis.

Main Results:

  • Complement activation is a common event during apheresis, primarily via the alternative pathway.

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  • Natural inhibitory mechanisms often attenuate complement activation, masking its clinical significance.
  • Clinical manifestations like fever, hypotension, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are linked to complement activation, particularly in complex cases.

    • Conclusions:

    • Complement activation is implicated in apheresis complications, ranging from mild symptoms to severe conditions like ARDS.
    • Understanding complement activation is crucial for managing patient safety during apheresis procedures.