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Individual differences in dispositional expressiveness: development and validation of the Emotional Expressivity
A M Kring1, D A Smith, J M Neale
1Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|May 1, 1994
Summary
The new 17-item Emotional Expressivity Scale (EES) offers a reliable and valid self-report method for measuring outward emotional display. This scale facilitates research into psychological and physical functioning theories.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Psychometrics
Background:
- Emotional expressivity is crucial for psychological and physical functioning theories.
- Current measurement techniques are limited, hindering theory testing.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate the 17-item Emotional Expressivity Scale (EES).
- To provide a precise and economical self-report measure of outward emotional display.
Main Methods:
- Designed a 17-item self-report scale (EES).
- Conducted reliability studies (internal consistency, stability).
- Performed validation studies (convergent/discriminant validity, self- vs. other-ratings, self-report vs. lab measures) in college and community samples.
Main Results:
- The EES demonstrated high internal consistency and test-retest stability.
- Initial validity was supported, showing expected relationships with other measures.
- Moderate agreement was found between self- and other-rated expressivity.
- Self-report EES scores corresponded with laboratory-measured emotional expression.
Conclusions:
- The EES is a reliable and valid measure of emotional expressivity.
- It offers a practical tool for research on emotional display.
- The scale can integrate findings across diverse psychological research areas.