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Related Experiment Videos

Lung structure and function in cigarette smokers

J C Hogg1, J L Wright, B R Wiggs

  • 1UBC Pulmonary Research Laboratory, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada.

Thorax
|May 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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Chronic smoking causes airway obstruction in some individuals. Loss of lung elastic recoil, due to microscopic air space enlargement, contributes to reduced FEV1, but the precise cause of obstruction remains unclear.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Respiratory Physiology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Cigarette smoking induces airway inflammation in all smokers.
  • Only 15-20% of smokers develop airflow obstruction.
  • This study investigates the roles of peripheral airway inflammation and emphysema in obstruction development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the relative importance of peripheral airway inflammation and emphysematous destruction in the pathogenesis of airflow obstruction.
  • To correlate pulmonary function test results with pathological findings in smokers.

Main Methods:

  • Pulmonary function tests were performed on 407 lung tumor patients before surgery.
  • Lung specimens were analyzed for emphysema severity, alveolar support of airways, and airway inflammation.

Related Experiment Videos

  • A standardized grading system assessed inflammation in respiratory and non-respiratory bronchioles.

    • Main Results:

    • Declines in FEV1 correlated with increased residual volume, decreased diffusing capacity, and reduced lung elastic recoil pressure.
    • Emphysema prevalence increased with declining FEV1, but its extent and severity were similar across FEV1 levels.
    • Inflammatory grading in peripheral airways did not reveal specific defects linked to physiological abnormalities.

    Conclusions:

    • Reduced FEV1 in smokers is partly due to loss of lung elastic recoil pressure.
    • This loss of recoil is attributed to microscopic air space enlargement, not just visible emphysema.
    • The specific lesions causing peripheral airway obstruction require further identification.