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[Nitric oxide: a biological effector. Detection using electron paramagnetic resonance]

Y Henry1, A Guissani

  • 1Unité INSERM 350, Institut Curie, Orsay, France.

Transfusion Clinique Et Biologique : Journal De La Societe Francaise De Transfusion Sanguine
|January 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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Nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in macrophages impacts cellular functions like respiration and DNA synthesis. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy detects NO targets in cells and organelles, crucial for understanding diseases like septic shock.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Physiology
  • Spectroscopy

Context:

  • Nitric oxide (NO) is endogenously synthesized from L-arginine or exogenously from drugs in mammalian cells.
  • NO forms paramagnetic complexes with metalloproteins, notably hemoglobin.
  • Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activation in macrophages, triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or cytokines, leads to significant cellular effects.

Purpose:

  • To investigate the cellular effects of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, particularly following inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activation in macrophages.
  • To explore the role of the inducible L-arginine-NO pathway in pathological conditions.
  • To demonstrate the utility of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in detecting NO's molecular targets within mammalian cells and organelles.

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Summary:

  • Induction of iNOS in macrophages leads to NO production, which inhibits mitochondrial respiration and DNA biosynthesis by interacting with metalloenzymes.
  • These metabolic effects induced in generator cells (macrophages) are transferable to target cells.
  • NO is implicated in pathological states including septic shock, diabetes mellitus, and allograft rejection, highlighting the importance of the inducible L-arginine-NO pathway.

Impact:

  • Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy provides a method for unambiguous detection of specific molecular targets for NO in biological systems.
  • Understanding NO's role and detection is vital for research into inflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders, and transplant rejection.
  • This research contributes to the mechanistic understanding of NO's physiological and pathological functions at the molecular level.