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Vision evaluation in people with Down's syndrome

J Pérez-Carpinell1, M D de Fez, V Climent

  • 1Departament d'Optica, Facultat Física, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.

Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics : the Journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)
|April 1, 1994
PubMed
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Color vision deficits are common in individuals with Down syndrome, affecting 13 of 72 subjects. Many also experienced vision impairments and reduced contrast sensitivity, particularly at low frequencies.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Genetics
  • Vision Science

Background:

  • Individuals with Down syndrome often present with various ocular abnormalities.
  • Color vision deficiencies are frequently reported in this population, but detailed characterization is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and types of color vision defects in people with Down syndrome.
  • To assess contrast sensitivity in this cohort.
  • To correlate vision findings with other ocular conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Ishihara test and anomaloscope used for color vision assessment in 72 participants.
  • Ocular conditions like lens opacities, strabismus, and refractive errors were noted.
  • Vision Contrast Test System (VCTS) employed to measure contrast sensitivity function.

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Main Results:

  • 13 out of 72 subjects (approximately 18%) exhibited defective color vision based on Pickford's classification.
  • Protan defects were most common (monocularly and binocularly), followed by deutan defects.
  • Significant loss of low-frequency contrast sensitivity was observed, more pronounced in subjects with greater visual impairment.

Conclusions:

  • Color vision impairment is a significant issue in Down syndrome, with protan defects being prevalent.
  • Associated ocular conditions are common and may influence visual function.
  • Reduced contrast sensitivity, especially at low frequencies, is a key visual characteristic in this population.