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Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
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Bacterial Phylum Spirochaetes01:30

Bacterial Phylum Spirochaetes

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Spirochetes, unique bacteria in the phylum Spirochaetes, are gram-negative, motile, tightly coiled, slender, and flexible. They inhabit aquatic sediments and animals, with some causing diseases like syphilis. Spirochetes are classified into eight genera based on habitat, pathogenicity, phylogeny, and characteristics.Their distinctive motility arises from endoflagella, located within the cell’s periplasm. These endoflagella anchor at the cell poles and extend along the cell length, encased...
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Fungal Phylum Microsporidia01:28

Fungal Phylum Microsporidia

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Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular fungi that were initially classified as protists but were later reclassified based on phylogenetic, molecular, and structural evidence linking them to the Chytridiomycota. These unicellular, non-motile organisms are highly specialized parasites that infect a wide range of animal hosts, including humans. They have evolved extensive genomic and metabolic reductions, making them highly dependent on their hosts for survival.Morphology and Genomic...
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Microbial Interactions: Parasitism01:22

Microbial Interactions: Parasitism

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Parasitism is a form of microbial interaction in which parasitic microbes exploit a host organism for nutrients and shelter, often at the host's expense. Unlike mutualistic relationships, where both organisms benefit, parasitism benefits only the parasite and harms the host.Classification of ParasitesMicrobial parasites are broadly classified based on their location relative to the host.Ectoparasites remain on the host’s surface, such as the skin or outer tissues, drawing nutrients...
108
Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

94
Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable...
94
Reservoir of Infection01:30

Reservoir of Infection

89
Infectious diseases arise from intricate interactions between pathogens and their reservoirs. A reservoir of infection refers to the natural habitat where a pathogen lives, grows, and multiplies, serving as a continual source of infection. Reservoirs are broadly classified as either living or nonliving, and each plays a unique role in disease transmission, significantly influencing public health interventions and control strategies.Humans act as reservoirs for a wide array of pathogens,...
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Related Experiment Video

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In vivo Imaging of Transgenic Leishmania Parasites in a Live Host
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In vivo Imaging of Transgenic Leishmania Parasites in a Live Host

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Endemic disease and development: the leishmaniases

P M Wijeyaratne1, L K Arsenault, C J Murphy

  • 1Health Sciences Division, International Development Research Centre, MDRC, Ottawa, Canada.

Acta Tropica
|April 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Leishmaniases, neglected parasitic zoonoses, hinder community development and quality of life. Effective control requires integrating community participation with socio-economic realities.

Area of Science:

  • Global Health
  • Parasitology
  • Sustainable Development

Background:

  • Endemic diseases like leishmaniases significantly impede community quality of life and development.
  • Leishmaniases are underestimated parasitic zoonoses causing morbidity, debility, and mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize community-based research on leishmaniasis across multiple countries.
  • To analyze the impact of leishmaniasis on community development and explore infection determinants.
  • To examine prevention and control strategies within socio-political and economic contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Review of community-based applied research projects on leishmaniasis.
  • Analysis of morbidity versus mortality impacts and community development capacity.

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  • Examination of individual and community-level determinants of infection and disease outcomes.
  • Assessment of external factors like environmental changes and population movements.
  • Evaluation of prevention and control strategies considering socio-political and economic constraints.

    • Main Results:

    • Leishmaniases significantly impact community health, development, and individual well-being.
    • Environmental changes, urbanization, and population movements are key factors influencing leishmaniasis.
    • Community participation and incorporating local knowledge are crucial for effective control.
    • Classical health systems face challenges in adapting to the complex realities of leishmaniasis.

    Conclusions:

    • Sustainable development is linked to controlling endemic diseases like leishmaniasis.
    • Effective leishmaniasis control necessitates community-centered approaches that respect local contexts.
    • Innovative strategies are needed to address the socio-economic and political challenges in leishmaniasis prevention and control.