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Structure and function of ryanodine receptors

R Coronado1, J Morrissette, M Sukhareva

  • 1Department of Physiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison 53706.

The American Journal of Physiology
|June 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Calcium (Ca2+) release from intracellular stores triggers cellular responses. This review details recent advances in understanding the structure, function, and regulation of the ryanodine receptor, a key Ca2+ channel involved in cell signaling.

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Molecular Physiology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Intracellular calcium ions (Ca2+) are critical second messengers released from organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR).
  • Ca2+ release channels, such as the ryanodine receptor, are essential for rapid Ca2+ mobilization, initiating diverse cellular processes.
  • While Ca2+ pumps were identified decades ago, the structure and function of Ca2+ release channels remain areas of active research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in the structure, function, and regulation of the ryanodine receptor over the past five years.
  • To synthesize findings on how cellular components and pharmacological agents modulate ryanodine receptor activity.
  • To explore the molecular basis and tissue-specific expression of ryanodine receptor isoforms.

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Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of Ca2+ fluxes in SR vesicles.
  • Single-channel recordings in planar bilayers.
  • Radioligand binding assays using [3H]ryanodine.
  • Molecular characterization of functional domains within the ryanodine receptor structure.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been made in elucidating the structure, function, and regulation of the ryanodine receptor.
  • Ryanodine receptor activity is modulated by various cellular ions, metabolites, kinases, proteins, and pharmacological agents.
  • Molecular insights into functional domains and the existence of at least three ryanodine receptor isoforms in different tissues have been reported.
  • Studies have successfully correlated single ryanodine receptor channel activity with global SR Ca2+ permeability changes.

Conclusions:

  • The ryanodine receptor plays a pivotal role in stimulus-response coupling through Ca2+ release.
  • The diverse modulators and tissue expression patterns suggest broad physiological relevance for ryanodine receptors.
  • Further research into ryanodine receptor isoforms and their regulation will enhance understanding of cellular Ca2+ signaling mechanisms.