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The alcohol dehydrogenase system

H Jörnvall1

  • 1Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

EXS
|January 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alcohol dehydrogenases are a diverse enzyme family. Their evolution and variants influence alcohol metabolism and disease susceptibility.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Enzymology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) form a complex enzyme system with multiple classes and variants.
  • The well-known liver ADH is a class I enzyme, but other classes (II-V) exist with distinct functions.
  • Class III enzyme, glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase, is proposed as the ancestral form.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the evolutionary relationships and functional diversity of alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme classes.
  • To investigate the structural and functional properties of ADH variants.
  • To understand the correlation between ADH variants and alcohol-related disease susceptibility.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of enzyme structures and functions across different ADH classes.

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  • Investigation of gene duplication events and evolutionary pathways.
  • Correlation studies between ADH allelic variants and population-level ethanol metabolism.

    • Main Results:

    • The glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (class III) is suggested as the ancestral enzyme.
    • Class I ADH, with its multiple isozymes, arose from gene duplication, enabling functional specialization in vertebrates.
    • Class IV ADH exhibits high ethanol activity and likely evolved from the class I lineage.
    • Specific class I ADH and aldehyde dehydrogenase variants are linked to population differences in ethanol metabolism and disease risk.

    Conclusions:

    • The alcohol dehydrogenase family exhibits significant evolutionary diversification, with ancestral roles in cellular defense.
    • Structural and functional variations within ADH classes, particularly class I, contribute to differential ethanol metabolism.
    • Understanding ADH genetic variants is crucial for assessing susceptibility to alcohol-related diseases.