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Zinc, copper and selenium in reproduction

R S Bedwal1, A Bahuguna

  • 1Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.

Experientia
|July 15, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Essential trace elements like zinc, copper, and selenium are crucial for male and female reproduction. Deficiencies impact fertility, hormone levels, and offspring health, highlighting their reproductive significance.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Nutritional Biochemistry
  • Trace Element Metabolism

Background:

  • Zinc, copper, and selenium are vital biological trace elements influencing male and female reproductive functions.
  • Zinc is highly concentrated in testes and prostate, essential for spermatogenesis and testosterone levels.
  • Selenium is integral to male gonadal development and sperm structure, while copper's role is modulated by estrogens in females.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the critical roles of zinc, copper, and selenium in reproductive health for both sexes.
  • To detail the consequences of deficiencies in these trace elements on reproductive processes and outcomes.
  • To explore the specific mechanisms and impacts of each element on male and female reproductive systems.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on trace elements and reproduction.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the effects of zinc, copper, and selenium deficiency in animal models.
  • Examination of biochemical pathways and physiological changes associated with trace element imbalances.

Main Results:

  • Zinc deficiency impairs angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity, leading to reduced testosterone and inhibited spermatogenesis, with observed sperm defects.
  • Female zinc deficiency causes hormonal imbalances (FSH, LH), ovarian dysfunction, and adverse pregnancy outcomes like abortion, low birth weight, and teratogenicity.
  • Copper deficiency in females is partially mitigated by estrogens, while selenium deficiency results in infertility, abortions, and neonatal muscular weakness, with increased maternal requirements during lactation.

Conclusions:

  • Zinc, copper, and selenium are indispensable for successful reproduction, with distinct roles in male and female physiology.
  • Trace element deficiencies pose significant risks to fertility, pregnancy maintenance, and offspring viability.
  • Maintaining adequate levels of these essential nutrients is crucial for reproductive health and preventing adverse outcomes.

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