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Hepatitis C in sickle cell anemia

K R DeVault1, L S Friedman, S Westerberg

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology
|April 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is common in sickle cell anemia patients, particularly those receiving many blood transfusions. HCV is the likely cause of elevated liver enzymes in this population.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Hematology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Sickle cell anemia patients often require blood transfusions, increasing their risk of transfusion-transmitted infections.
  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) poses a significant health concern in vulnerable populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in patients with sickle cell anemia.
  • To investigate the association between blood transfusion history and HCV seropositivity.
  • To assess the role of HCV in liver disease among sickle cell anemia patients.

Main Methods:

  • 121 sickle cell anemia patients were tested for antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) using commercial enzyme immunoassays and confirmatory assays.
  • Patients were categorized based on the number of blood product transfusions received (>10 units vs. <10 units).

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  • Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were analyzed in relation to anti-HCV status.

    • Main Results:

    • HCV antibodies were detected in 20.7% (25/121) of patients.
    • Anti-HCV seropositivity was significantly higher in patients who received >10 units of blood products (30.3%) compared to those who received <10 units (8.6%).
    • Nine out of eleven patients with persistently elevated ALT levels were anti-HCV seropositive, implicating HCV as a cause of liver disease.

    Conclusions:

    • Hepatitis C virus exposure is frequent in sickle cell anemia patients.
    • Transfusion history is directly correlated with the risk of HCV infection.
    • HCV is the most probable cause of persistently elevated aminotransferase levels in this patient group.