Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

The dangerous practice of thinking

N C Boreham1

  • 1Research and Graduate School, Faculty of Education, University of Manchester, UK.

Medical Education
|May 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Skilled thinking primarily relies on the implicit memory system, not conscious thought. Direct experience, not classroom learning, develops this crucial implicit system for effective adaptation.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Collective professional knowledge.

Medical education·2000
Same author

Clinical risk and collective competence in the hospital emergency department in the UK.

Social science & medicine (1982)·2000
Same author

Medical students' errors in pharmacotherapeutics.

Medical education·2000
Same author

Modelling medical decision-making under uncertainty.

The British journal of educational psychology·1989
Same author

Can past academic criteria predict students at risk of future failure?

Medical education·1988
Same author

Personality factors related to self-reported lapse of attention during lectures.

Psychological reports·1984
Same journal

When I say … 'in situ simulation'.

Medical education·2026
Same journal

Examiner training and calibration for simulated clinical examinations: A scoping review.

Medical education·2026
Same journal

When systems set the limits of supervision.

Medical education·2026
Same journal

From psychometrics to partnerships: Broadening what counts as validity evidence.

Medical education·2026
Same journal

When I say the clinical digital divide.

Medical education·2026
Same journal

Urology education under fire: Quantitative benchmarking of trainer adaptation and competency preservation in wartime Sudan.

Medical education·2026
See all related articles

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Information Processing Theory

Background:

  • Thinking is viewed as adapting activity to environmental inputs.
  • A dual cognitive structure, explicit and implicit memory systems, is proposed to explain this adaptation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explain cognitive adaptation through a dual memory system.
  • To highlight the dominant role of the implicit memory system in skilled thinking.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical framework proposing dual cognitive structure (explicit and implicit memory).
  • Analysis of the functional roles of explicit and implicit memory systems in thinking.

Main Results:

  • The implicit memory system, inaccessible to consciousness, dominates skilled thinking.

Related Experiment Videos

  • The explicit memory system, accessible to consciousness, primarily regulates novel situations.
  • Implicit memory develops mainly through direct experience, independent of conscious processing.

    • Conclusions:

    • Skilled thinking is predominantly driven by the unconscious implicit memory system.
    • The explicit memory system serves a regulatory role, especially in novel situations.
    • Medical science's relevance to practical decision-making is uncertain due to unknown effects on implicit memory, yet it should be taught for regulation.