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Tuberculosis and HIV infection in children in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire

M Sassan-Morokro1, K M De Cock, A Ackah

  • 1Projet RETRO-CI, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
|March 1, 1994
PubMed

Insights

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is significantly associated with tuberculosis in children in West Africa. This study highlights the urgent need for improved diagnostic methods for pediatric tuberculosis, especially in HIV-positive children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health concern in sub-Saharan Africa.
  • The co-occurrence of TB and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in children requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of HIV infection in children diagnosed with TB in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
  • To explore the relationship between HIV status and TB clinical presentation in children.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 289 children under 15 diagnosed with TB between July 1989 and December 1990.
  • HIV seroprevalence testing (HIV-1 and HIV-2) was performed.
  • TB classification included sputum smear-positive, extrapulmonary, and clinical TB.

Main Results:

  • Overall HIV prevalence in children with TB was 11.8%, with the highest rate (23.4%) in children aged 1-4 years.
  • HIV-positivity was significantly associated with clinical TB (18.6% seroprevalence) and symptoms of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
  • Pulmonary TB was more common in older, HIV-negative children, while extrapulmonary TB was evenly distributed.

Conclusions:

  • HIV infection is strongly associated with TB in children in sub-Saharan Africa.
  • Clinical presentation of TB in children varies significantly with HIV status.
  • Improved diagnostic tools for pediatric TB are crucial, particularly for identifying TB in HIV-infected children.

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