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Quantitative studies on bovine immunoglobulins

M R Williams, R L Spooner, L H Thomas

    The Veterinary Record
    |January 25, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Low serum immunoglobulin levels in young calves, specifically IgG1, IgG2, and IgA, are linked to increased calf pneumonia susceptibility. This finding highlights the importance of early immune status for calf respiratory health.

    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Immunology
    • Animal Health
    • Bovine Respiratory Diseases

    Background:

    • Calf pneumonia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in young cattle.
    • Serum immunoglobulin levels are critical indicators of passive immunity transfer and immune competence in calves.
    • Understanding the relationship between immunoglobulin profiles and pneumonia incidence can inform preventative strategies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the association between pre-illness serum immunoglobulin levels and the subsequent development of pneumonia in young bull calves.
    • To determine if sub-clinical pneumonia correlates with specific immunoglobulin profiles in calf serum.
    • To identify key immunoglobulin markers predictive of pneumonia susceptibility.

    Main Methods:

    • Measurement of serum immunoglobulin isotypes (IgG1, IgG2, IgM, IgA) using monospecific antisera in 2 1/2-week-old bull calves.

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  • Retrospective analysis of disease records up to six months of age to categorize calves based on pneumonia incidence.
  • Comparison of immunoglobulin levels between calves that developed pneumonia and those that remained healthy.

    • Main Results:

    • Calves with subsequent pneumonia exhibited significantly lower levels of serum IgG1, IgG2, and IgA at 2 1/2 weeks of age.
    • Low IgG1 levels (less than 8 mg/ml) were observed in 45-55% of calves that developed pneumonia, compared to only 9.5% in healthy calves.
    • Older calves with pneumonic lesions at slaughter showed elevated levels of IgG1 and IgG2, suggesting a complex immune response over time.

    Conclusions:

    • Early-life low levels of specific serum immunoglobulins (IgG1, IgG2, IgA) are predictive of increased susceptibility to calf pneumonia.
    • Serum immunoglobulin profiling in young calves can serve as a valuable tool for identifying animals at risk of respiratory disease.
    • Further research into the dynamics of immunoglobulin levels and their role in bovine respiratory health is warranted.