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Updated: Aug 14, 2026

Noninvasive Determination of Vortex Formation Time Using Transesophageal Echocardiography During Cardiac Surgery
Published on: November 28, 2018
Transesophageal echocardiography in the postoperative child with an open sternum
B Marcus1, P C Wong, W J Wells
1Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, University of Southern California School of Medicine 90027.
Abstract:
We report the use of transesophageal echocardiography in 3 children whose sternums remained open for several days postoperatively. In these patients transesophageal echocardiography provided critical information when transthoracic echocardiography was ineffective due to limited acoustic windows. This report points out the application of transesophageal echocardiography in children with chest wall distortion.
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