Latex hypersensitivity: an iatrogenic and occupational risk

BACKGROUND Immediate hypersensitivity reactions to natural rubber and latex products were first reported in 1979 by Nutter, who identified contact urticaria to latex gloves. Since that time, numerous cases of immediate and delayed reactions to latex have been reported. Because latex products are ubiquitous, especially in the critical care environment, there is increasing risk of hypersensitivity among patients and healthcare workers. METHOD Literature review. OBJECTIVES To review the types of allergic reaction to latex and to inform healthcare providers of the risks to patients and themselves of acquiring latex hypersensitivity. CONCLUSION Immediate hypersensitivity reactions to natural rubber and latex products pose a significant threat to patients, healthcare workers, and the general population. Medical history alone is inadequate to identify all persons at risk. Numerous proteins doubtless exist in latex that may be the link to allergenicity. Further research is needed to address demographic, behavioral, environmental, and biogenetic factors including gender differences, ethnicity and race.