Microcin production by the yeast Cryptococcus humicola

Cryptococcus humicola strains secrete killer toxins inhibitory (at pH values ranging from 3 to 5.5) to many ascomycetous and basidiomycetous yeast-like fungi. RNA or DNA plasmids were not detected in the killers. The amino acid-containing toxins were of low M(r), soluble in methanol, resistant to proteolysis, thermostable, cellophane-diffusible and were specified as microcins. These findings show that the killer phenomenon in yeasts such as bacteriocinogeny may be due to excretion of two types of killer toxins: mycocins and microcins.