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Phylogeny of complement components in non-human primates

P H Schur, A Connelly, T C Jones

    Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
    |January 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

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    Complement component evolution in primates reveals significant antigenic differences, particularly in New World monkeys and prosimians, despite similar functional levels across most species. This suggests functional sites may differ from antigenic sites.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Evolutionary Biology
    • Primate Serology

    Background:

    • The complement system is crucial for innate and adaptive immunity.
    • Understanding complement component evolution provides insights into immune system development.
    • Primate models are valuable for studying human biological processes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the evolutionary development of complement components in primates.
    • To compare antigenic properties and functional activities of complement proteins across primate species.
    • To identify differences and similarities in complement systems between humans and other primates.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of sera from eight sub-human primate species.
    • Double diffusion in agar assays.

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  • Comparison with human serum using specific antisera against complement components (Clq, Cls, C4, C2, C3, C5, C6, C8, C9, properdin, factor B, C1 inhibitor).
  • Functional analyses of complement components.

    • Main Results:

    • Apes showed no significant antigenic differences from humans, except for Clq.
    • Old World monkeys were deficient in Clq, Cls, C9, and variably in C4, C3, C8.
    • New World monkeys were deficient in most components, except C5, C6, and factor B.
    • Prosimians were deficient in all measured components.
    • Functional analyses revealed similar complement levels in humans and most primates, except prosimians.
    • Dissociation observed between hemolytic assays and antigenic analyses.

    Conclusions:

    • Significant evolutionary divergence in complement component antigenicity exists across primate lineages.
    • Prosimians exhibit a severely deficient complement system compared to other primates.
    • Functional complement activity may be preserved despite antigenic variations, suggesting distinct functional and antigenic sites.