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Related Experiment Videos

Sensitization potentials and immunologic specificities of neomycins

C W Chung, T R Carson

    The Journal of Investigative Dermatology
    |March 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary

    Sensitization indices effectively measure allergenic skin reactions in guinea pigs. Neomycin components and streptomycin are allergenic, with varying cross-reactivity, indicating amino groups are key to reactions.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Dermatology
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Allergenic skin reactions are crucial in drug safety assessments.
    • Quantifying allergenicity requires reliable methods for comparing substances.
    • Aminoglycoside antibiotics like neomycin can cause hypersensitivity reactions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe a novel method using sensitization indices for evaluating allergenic skin reactions.
    • To compare the allergenicity and cross-reactivity of neomycin components and streptomycin in guinea pigs.
    • To identify the specific chemical moieties responsible for aminoglycoside-induced hypersensitivity.

    Main Methods:

    • Development and application of sensitization indices for guinea pig skin reactions.
    • Intradermal (id) and foot-pad (fp) immunizations using neomycin complex, neamine, neomycin B, neomycin C, streptomycin, and adjuvants (Mycobacterium butyricum or Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra).
    • Assessment of cross-reactivity and determination of optimal challenge concentrations and reading times.

    Main Results:

    • Commercial neomycin complex, neamine, neomycin B, neomycin C, and streptomycin were identified as allergens in guinea pigs.
    • Adjuvant effectiveness varied by route: Mycobacterium butyricum (MB) was comparable to Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra (Ra) via id, but inferior via fp.
    • Neomycin C exhibited greater cross-reactivity than neomycin B. N-acetylated neomycin derivatives did not elicit reactions, suggesting amino groups are critical.

    Conclusions:

    • Sensitization indices provide a robust method for comparing allergenicity and cross-reactivity.
    • Aminoglycosides, particularly neomycin components and streptomycin, are potent skin sensitizers in guinea pigs.
    • The amino groups of aminoglycosides are essential for sensitization and elicitation of skin reactions, likely through coupling with host proteins.

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