Lateral ankle sprains. Part I: Anatomy, biomechanics, diagnosis, and natural history

An understanding of the anatomy and biomechanics of the lateral ankle ligaments is essential to make a proper diagnosis in patients with ankle sprains. Specific radiographic stress tests can aid in differentiating single-versus double-ligament injuries and in determining their severity. Inadequately treated ankle sprains can result in chronic pain, instability, and early osteoarthritis. Thus, the proper diagnosis and initial treatment are important. This paper reviews the essential features of the anatomy, biomechanics, diagnosis, and natural history of lateral ankle sprains.