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Poliomyelitis eradication in Europe: programme and activities

G Oblapenko1

  • 1Polio Eradication Unit, Regional Office for Europe, World Health Organization, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Public Health Reviews
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

The World Health Organization

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Disease Control

Background:

  • The World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe aims for poliomyelitis eradication.
  • Operational targets for polio eradication were adapted in 1993, focusing on surveillance, outbreak response, and immunization coverage.
  • Nine European countries with reported polio cases translated WHO policies into action plans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the WHO Regional Office for Europe's strategies and progress in polio eradication efforts.
  • To identify key areas of focus and persistent challenges in achieving a polio-free Europe.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of immunization strategies, including mopping-up and national immunization days in high-risk areas.
  • Enhancement of surveillance systems, particularly acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance, initiated in 1991.
  • Development of a regional laboratory network for poliomyelitis diagnosis, operational since 1991.

Main Results:

  • Polio morbidity showed a downward trend in 17 reporting countries in 1992 compared to 1991.
  • Persistent foci of wild poliovirus activity were identified in the Balkan countries, Trans-Caucasian region, and Central Asia republics.
  • Progress in polio eradication is limited by challenges including political and financial support, vaccine availability, and surveillance improvement pace.

Conclusions:

  • Despite a downward trend in polio cases, wild poliovirus circulation persists in specific European regions.
  • Sustained efforts in immunization, surveillance, and laboratory diagnostics are crucial.
  • Addressing limitations in political will, financial resources, and surveillance effectiveness is essential for achieving polio eradication in Europe.

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