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Thrombocytopenia in trypanosomiasis

R M Robins-Browne, J Schneider, J Metz

    The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
    |March 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Thrombocytopenia, a low platelet count, is common in African trypanosomiasis. It is mainly caused by an enlarged spleen and reticuloendothelial system, with potential contributions from immune damage or disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).

    Area of Science:

    • Hematology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Parasitology

    Background:

    • African trypanosomiasis, a parasitic disease, can present with hematological abnormalities.
    • Thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) is a potential complication requiring further investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the occurrence and underlying mechanisms of thrombocytopenia in patients with African trypanosomiasis.

    Main Methods:

    • Case series analysis of four patients with African trypanosomiasis.
    • Platelet kinetic studies including spleen pooling and platelet lifespan.
    • Assessment for evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).

    Main Results:

    • All four patients exhibited thrombocytopenia.

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  • Marked splenic platelet pooling was observed in three patients.
  • Severe thrombocytopenia was linked to gastrointestinal hemorrhage in one fatal case.
  • Evidence of DIC was present in three patients, with two receiving heparin therapy.

    • Conclusions:

    • Thrombocytopenia is a significant clinical feature of African trypanosomiasis.
    • The primary cause is likely reticuloendothelial system hypertrophy.
    • Platelet immune damage and consumption due to DIC can be contributing factors.