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Related Experiment Videos

Ethnographic analysis: a study of classroom environments

L A Griswold1

  • 1Department of Occupational Therapy, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824.

The American Journal of Occupational Therapy : Official Publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association
|May 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Occupational therapists can now efficiently assess school classrooms using a new guide. This tool structures observations of activities, people, and communication to improve client function.

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational therapy
  • Educational settings
  • Environmental adaptation

Background:

  • Occupational therapists (OTs) are crucial for adapting environments to improve client functioning.
  • School-based OTs face challenges in efficiently gathering information from diverse classroom settings.
  • Streamlining environmental assessments is essential for effective intervention in schools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a structured approach for occupational therapists to assess school classroom environments.
  • To enhance the efficiency and relevance of information gathering for school-based OTs.

Main Methods:

  • Employed ethnographic research methodology.
  • Conducted systematic observations across eight diverse classroom environments.

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  • Analyzed observational data to identify key assessment categories.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified three primary categories for structuring classroom observations: activities, people, and communication.
    • Developed a comprehensive Classroom Observation Guide based on these categories.
    • The guide provides targeted questions to facilitate relevant data collection.

    Conclusions:

    • The Classroom Observation Guide enables occupational therapists to recommend tailored classroom activities aligned with teacher styles.
    • Facilitates evidence-based suggestions, such as structured sensorimotor games for teachers preferring defined activities.
    • Enhances the ability of OTs to support student engagement and functional outcomes within the school environment.