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Punished behavior: increases in responding after d-amphetamine

J W McKearney, J E Barrett

    Psychopharmacologia
    |January 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary
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    The stimulant d-amphetamine sulfate affected punished responding in squirrel monkeys. Its effects varied based on whether the punishment occurred alongside an avoidance schedule, demonstrating context-dependent drug action.

    Area of Science:

    • Behavioral pharmacology
    • Animal behavior
    • Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Punishment procedures are used to decrease specific behaviors.
    • Discriminative stimuli signal the availability of different schedules of reinforcement or punishment.
    • The stimulant d-amphetamine sulfate is known to affect behavior, but its effects can be context-dependent.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of d-amphetamine sulfate on punished responding in squirrel monkeys.
    • To determine if the effects of d-amphetamine on punished responding are influenced by the presence of an avoidance schedule.

    Main Methods:

    • Squirrel monkeys were exposed to a fixed-interval schedule of food presentation.
    • Responding was suppressed using a punishment schedule (shock after every 30th response).

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Punishment was contrasted with extinction or avoidance schedules for electric shock, signaled by different stimuli.
  • D-amphetamine sulfate was administered at various doses (0.01–0.56 mg/kg, i.m.) during different schedule conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • In the absence of an avoidance schedule, d-amphetamine decreased punished responding.
    • In the presence of an avoidance schedule, d-amphetamine markedly increased responding during punishment components.
    • D-amphetamine also increased responding during the avoidance components themselves.

    Conclusions:

    • The effects of d-amphetamine sulfate on punished behavior are highly dependent on the environmental context.
    • Specifically, the concurrent presence of an avoidance schedule alters the typical suppressive effects of d-amphetamine on punished responding.
    • This highlights the importance of considering situational factors in understanding drug effects on behavior.