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Occupational needs and evaluation methods for cold protective clothing

H Anttonen1

  • 1Regional Institute of Occupational Health, Oulu Department of Physiology, Oulu.

Arctic Medical Research
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Occupational cold protective clothing needs and risks were evaluated. Key factors influencing thermal insulation include air permeability, temperature, and wind, with physiological limits often exceeded in real-world conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Occupational hygiene
  • Clothing physiology
  • Thermal insulation studies

Background:

  • Work in cold conditions poses risks of cooling and frostbite.
  • Evaluating occupational cold protective clothing is crucial for worker safety and performance.
  • Existing methods for assessing clothing insulation require validation under various environmental conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the needs and properties of occupational cold protective clothing.
  • To assess risks associated with working in cold environments from an occupational hygiene and clothing physiology perspective.
  • To investigate and compare different methods for measuring thermal insulation of clothing and materials.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated thermal insulation of textile materials and clothing using specialized equipment for cold and windy conditions (dynamic and steady states).

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  • Employed sweating hot plate and cylinder in wind tunnel for clothing evaluation, alongside simulation and calculation models.
  • Assessed cold exposure risks, including cooling and frostbite, and clothing utility ranges in working life.

    • Main Results:

    • Thermal insulation (total thermal resistance) is dependent on temperature and affected by wind (up to 60% decrease).
    • Air permeability, ambient temperature, air gaps, contact layers, and clothing thickness are critical parameters for insulation.
    • Physiological recommendations for body cooling and performance were exceeded in 70% of measured cases, even at 0-10°C.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed methods (sweating hot plate, cylinder in wind tunnel) are adequate for precise and repeatable winter clothing evaluation.
    • Simulation models are valuable for predicting clothing performance, though differences arise from water vapor resistance changes in cold.
    • Cold-related problems and risks like frostbite can occur at moderate temperatures (0-10°C) due to work type and exposure, highlighting the need for effective protective clothing.