Mass spectrometry of trace elements in biological samples

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Biochemistry
• Mass Spectrometry

Background:

• Mass spectrometry is vital for quantifying trace elements, from major components to sub-parts per billion.
• Isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) offers a definitive analytical approach, unaffected by matrix effects.
• IDMS bypasses quantitative recovery challenges inherent in complex biological samples.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review mass spectrometric techniques for trace element determination in biological samples.
• To highlight the authors' work in establishing gas chromatography mass spectrometry for this purpose.

Main Methods:

• Review of various mass spectrometry techniques including Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS), Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry (FAB-MS), and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS).
• Focus on the application and validation of GC-MS for trace element analysis in biological matrices.

Main Results:

• Mass spectrometry, particularly IDMS, provides accurate trace element quantification in biological samples.
• GC-MS is demonstrated as a viable technique for trace element determination, offering advantages in specific applications.

Conclusions:

• IDMS is a powerful tool for definitive trace element analysis in biological samples, essential for understanding physiological and pathological states.
• The review and experimental highlights underscore the utility of diverse mass spectrometric methods, including GC-MS, in advancing biological trace element research.