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Immunity to avian infectious bronchitis

Developments in Biological Standardization

|January 1, 1975

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Avian infectious bronchitis virus affects chickens, spreading to kidneys and oviducts. Active vaccines offer better protection than inactive ones, with secretory IgA crucial for respiratory immunity.

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Virology
Immunology

Background:

Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) primarily presents as a respiratory illness in chickens but disseminates systemically, notably affecting the kidneys and oviduct.
The virus's variable antigenic and immunogenic properties pose challenges for vaccine development and seed virus selection.
Maternal antibodies provide passive immunity for approximately two weeks post-hatch.

Observation:

Inactivated virus vaccines are less protective than modified or attenuated active virus vaccines against subsequent infection.
Both IgG (circulating antibody) and secretory IgA are induced by infection or vaccination.
Secretory IgA in the respiratory tract appears more effective in protecting the trachea against reinfection.

Findings:

Humoral antibody levels do not always correlate with immunity as determined by chicken protection tests.

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Chickens may potentially develop an immune carrier status, though a true carrier state from primary infection is not apparent.

Implications:

Understanding viral dissemination and host immune responses is critical for developing effective infectious bronchitis vaccines.
The role of secretory IgA highlights the importance of mucosal immunity in controlling respiratory viral infections.
Further research into immune carrier states could inform disease management strategies in poultry farming.