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Action of gastrin on gastrointestinal structure and function

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    Gastrin, administered via pentagastrin, preserves gastrointestinal structure and function in rats deprived of gut nutrients. This highlights gastrin's essential trophic role in maintaining gut integrity when food is absent.

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    Area of Science:

    • Gastroenterology
    • Physiology
    • Endocrinology

    Background:

    • The absence of intraluminal nutrients impacts gastrointestinal (GI) tract structure and function.
    • Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is a model to study these effects in the absence of gut feeding.
    • Gastrin is a key hormone regulating GI function and growth.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of pentagastrin (a gastrin analogue) and histamine in maintaining GI structure and function in TPN-fed rats.
    • To determine if gastrin's trophic effects are essential for GI integrity when food is absent from the gut.

    Main Methods:

    • Three groups of rats received TPN: one with pentagastrin infusion, one with histamine infusion, and one with only the liquid diet.
    • A control group was orally fed and sham-operated.
    • Measurements included antral and serum gastrin levels, organ weights (stomach, pancreas, small intestine) relative to body weight, and disaccharidase enzyme activity.

    Main Results:

    • Parenterally fed rats showed reduced antral and serum gastrin levels.
    • Significant decreases in the relative weights of the stomach, pancreas, and small intestine were observed in TPN-fed animals.
    • Total and specific activities of disaccharidase enzymes were significantly reduced.
    • Pentagastrin administration prevented the decreases in tissue weights and enzyme activity.
    • Histamine had no significant effect.

    Conclusions:

    • Pentagastrin effectively prevents the detrimental structural and functional changes in the GI tract caused by the absence of gut nutrients.
    • Gastrin's trophic action is crucial for maintaining the functional and structural integrity of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly during nutrient deprivation via TPN.