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Enzymatic adaptation by bacteria under pressure

R E Marquis, D M Keller

    Journal of Bacteriology
    |May 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Hydrostatic pressure impacts bacterial enzyme adaptation differently. Some processes are pressure-insensitive, while others, like lac operon derepression, are barosensitive, affecting bacterial growth and survival under pressure.

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    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Biochemistry
    • Environmental Science

    Background:

    • Bacteria exhibit varying degrees of tolerance to hydrostatic pressure.
    • Enzymic adaptation is crucial for bacterial survival and function in different environments.
    • Understanding pressure effects on microbial processes informs biotechnology and deep-sea exploration.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of hydrostatic pressure on bacterial enzymic adaptation.
    • To differentiate between pressure-insensitive and pressure-sensitive adaptive mechanisms.
    • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying pressure-induced inhibition of enzyme synthesis.

    Main Methods:

    • Studied moderately barotolerant bacteria, including Escherichia coli and Bacillus licheniformis.

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  • Assessed enzyme adaptation to substrates like arabinose and lactose under pressures up to 500 atm.
  • Investigated the lac operon derepression and penicillinase synthesis under varying pressure conditions.
  • Analyzed the effect of cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate and inducer concentrations on pressure sensitivity.

    • Main Results:

    • Some adaptive processes (e.g., arabinose catabolism in E. coli) were pressure-insensitive.
    • Other processes (e.g., lac operon derepression, penicillinase induction) were barosensitive, with pressures of 300-400 atm reducing enzyme synthesis rates.
    • Pressure inhibited enzyme synthesis but not substrate uptake (beta-galactosides).
    • Apparent volume changes suggested pressure affects inducer binding and complex formation.

    Conclusions:

    • Bacterial adaptation to hydrostatic pressure is complex, with distinct pressure sensitivities for different enzymatic systems.
    • Pressure-sensitive mechanisms, like lac operon regulation, can compromise bacterial survival and growth under high pressure.
    • The findings provide insights into the biophysical constraints on microbial life in high-pressure environments.