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Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, viscosity, and plasma cholesterol control

D Topping1

  • 1CSIRO Australia, Division of Human Nutrition, Glenthorne Laboratory.

Nutrition Reviews
|May 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Water-soluble nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) lower plasma cholesterol by increasing intestinal viscosity, which reduces fat and steroid absorption. Even small increases in viscosity significantly lower cholesterol levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Nutrition Science
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Water-soluble nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) may lower plasma cholesterol through altered intestinal viscosity or direct inhibition of hepatic cholesterol synthesis.
  • Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), a synthetic NSP, reduces plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in humans.
  • HPMC is not fermented by gut microflora and lowers cholesterol in hamsters without affecting hepatic sterol synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism by which hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) lowers plasma cholesterol.
  • To determine the relationship between HPMC viscosity and its cholesterol-lowering effect in hamsters.

Main Methods:

  • Administering HPMC to hamsters.
  • Measuring plasma and liver cholesterol levels.
  • Assessing hepatic sterol synthesis.
  • Correlating plasma cholesterol with HPMC viscosity.

Main Results:

  • HPMC lowered plasma and liver cholesterol in hamsters.
  • No change in hepatic sterol synthesis was observed.
  • A linear relationship was found between plasma cholesterol and the logarithm of HPMC viscosity.
  • Maximal cholesterol-lowering effects were achieved with small viscosity increments.

Conclusions:

  • Intestinal viscosity modification is a key mechanism for NSP-induced cholesterol reduction.
  • Intestinal digestion is highly sensitive to increased NSP intake and viscosity.
  • HPMC effectively lowers cholesterol by increasing intestinal viscosity, independent of hepatic synthesis inhibition.

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